No differences between the sexes have been found, but DV seems to be more frequent in young subjects, 2 and it can be triggered by drowsiness or fatigue. 8 They are not necessarily connected with significant events or deep emotion. The results of electrophysiological studies in patients with epilepsy, together with recent advances in our knowledge about the functional architecture of memory processes, give us the opportunity to set up a more specific hypothesis about the cognitive mechanism of DV.ĭV experiences are subjectively inappropriate impressions of familiarity of the present with an undefined past. Using holography as an analogy for memory processes, Sno and Linszen 5 have emphasized that DV experiences should not be thought of as pure memory or pure perceptive disturbances, but as a result of a disturbed interaction between memory and perception processes. Moreover, it is not clear why this mechanism should not lead to a feeling of having experienced a situation just before, and not somewhere in an undefined past. Although ingenious, this idea does not seem to have received much independent support. Newly perceived material thus is rendered familiar by virtue of the near-simultaneous double presentation. Functional or anatomical nondominant temporal lobe damage may delay transfer of information and might cause the left dominant hemisphere to receive the information twice, once directly and once delayed via the right hemisphere. One strictly somatic hypothesis was proposed by Efron, 7 who argued that material pertinent to time perception is received by the nondominant hemisphere and transferred to the hemisphere dominant for language. The issue of DV has most often been treated at a psychodynamic level, 5, 6 and only few attempts have been made to explain DV at the level of brain–behavior relationship. 2 In addition, the DV experience has long been known as a seizure manifestation, 3 and it is an established symptom-usually in association with other symptoms-of partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Although DV experiences have no behavioral counterpart, most people seem to agree on their phenomenological characteristics, and the ubiquity of the phenomenon is reflected in numerous descriptions in poetry and fiction. In the same study, 56% of participants reported that they had had DV experiences in the preceding month. In a questionnaire study about paroxysmal psychic phenomena in a student population, 1 only 10% of the subjects denied that they ever had experienced DV. Most people at some times experience déjà vu (DV).
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